Brief History of mianwali

Mianwali (Urdu: ?????????‎) is the capital city of Mianwali District, Pakistan The Holy man from Baghdad (Iraq) Prius founded Mianwali in Mughalsreign.His son remained the spiritual head of the Pathan, Awan and Jat tribes of area. In November 1989, present day tehsils of Mianwali, Isa Khel and Piplan were separated from Bannu District and districts Bhakkar and Layyah from Dera Ismail Khan District and clubbed together to form a new district named Mianwali with its headquarters in Mianwali city. The municipal committee was founded in December 1993 and has remained operational since then.

Infrastructure[edit]

The city has an FM radio station (FM 93), Feroz Shah Memorial Library, Sports Complex, Hockey Stadium and a Football Stadium. There are several educational institutions from elementary to post-graduate level.

The city has an airport built near the old World War II aerodrome and known as M.M.Alam Base Mianwali. It is one of the major operational and training air bases of the country. The No. 1 Fighter Conversion Unit of the PAF is stationed here.

There is a railway connecting the city with Multan, Lahore and Rawalpindi.

The main highways connecting to the other parts of the country include the Sargodha–Lahore road [N–60], MM Road (Mianwali–Muzaffargarh road), Talagang–Rawalpindi road, and the Kalabagh–Bannu road [N–60].

History[edit]

Mianwali District was agricultural region with forests during the Indus Valley Civilization. The Vedic period is characterized by Indo-Aryan culture that invaded from Central Asia and settled in Punjab region. In 997 CE, Sultan Mahmud Ghaznavi, took over the Ghaznavid dynasty empire established by his father, Sultan Sebuktegin, In 1005 he conquered the Shahis inKabul in 1005, and followed it by the conquests of Punjab region. The Delhi Sultanate and later Mughal Empire ruled the region. The Punjab region became predominantly Muslim due to missionary Sufi saints whose dargahs dot the landscape of Punjab region.

Before the British rule, the area formed an integral portion of the Graeco-Bactrian Empire of Kabul and the Punjab.^[1]During British rule, the Indian empire was subdivided into provinces, divisions and districts; afterward, the independence of Pakistan divisions remained the third tier of government until 2000. The British had made the town of Mianwali as tehsil headquarters of Bannu District then part of Dera Ismail Khan Division of Punjab province. The population of Mianwali, according to the 1901 census of India, was 3,591.^[2]

In November 1901, the North-West Frontier Province was carved out of Punjab and the tehsils of Mianwali and Isa Khel, and were separated from Bannu District (Bannu became part of NWFP). A new district was made with the headquarters in Mianwali city and placed in Punjab. The district became a part of Rawalpindi Division. There were four tehsils: Mianwali, Isa Khel, Bhakkar, and Layyah. Layyah was included in the Muzaffargarh District in 1909. The district became a part ofSargodha Division in 1961. Bhakkar Tehsil was separated from Mianwali and was made a separate district inside Sargodha Division w.e.f. 01-07-1982.

The predominantly Muslim population supported Muslim League and Pakistan Movement. After the independence ofPakistan in 1947, the minority Hindus and Sikhs migrated to India while the Muslim refugees from India settled in the Mianwali district.

Language[edit]

As per the 1998 census of Pakistan, the following are the demographics of the Mianwali district, by spoken language:

• Punjabi: 72.4%
• Saraiki dialect: 12%
• Pashto: 10%
• Others: 6%

Though Mianwali is claimed an integral part of the Saraiki speaking belt by the Ssraiki language activists, Punjabi-Seraiki division seems to hold little influence on common people in this district. According to 1998 census three fourths (74.2 percent) of the population named their spoken language as Punjabi while only 12 per cent answered that they speak Seraiki.^[3]

Inhabitants of Mianwali district speak a great variety of Punjabi dialects.

• Jandali/Rohi (central parts of the district)
• Awankari (northern parts)
• Shapuri (easteren parts)
• Thalochi (southern parts in desert areas)
• Majhi or standard (sizeable population in cities)

Other languages include:

• Pashto which is spoken by sizeable population in the Khyber Pakhtookhawa province border areas and in the cities.
• Urdu, while being the mother tongue of few, is spoken and understood by the majority of the population.
• English is understood and spoken by few, mainly the educated population.

THE JUDICIAL SYSTEM OF MIANWALI

 THE ROOTS OF THE CURRENT JUDICIAL SYSTEM OF MIANWALI STRETCH BACK TO THE PERIOD WHEN MIANWALI  WAS TEHSIL OF BANNU   AND EVEN BEFORE. THE JUDICIAL SYSTEM THAT IS BEING  PRACTICED TODAY HAS EVOLVED OVER A LONG PERIOD OF TIME, SPANNING ROUGHLY OVER A WHOLE MILLENNIUM. THE SYSTEM HAS PASSED THROUGH SEVERAL EPOCHS COVERING THE HINDU ERA, MUSLIM PERIOD INCLUDING THE MUGHAL DYNASTY, BRITISH COLONIAL PERIOD AND POST-INDEPENDENCE PERIOD. NOT   WITH STANDING THE SUCCESSIVE CHANGES I.E. ONE RULE /DYNASTY SUBSTITUTED BY THE OTHER , WHICH NATURALLY RESULTED IN THE SOCIOECONOMIC AND POLITICAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE INDIAN SOCIETY, THE JUDICIAL SYSTEM GENERALLY MAINTAINED A STEADY GROWTH AND GRADUAL ADVANCE TOWARDS CONSOLIDATION AND IMPROVEMENT/REFINEMENT, WITHOUT INDEED, HAVING TO UNDERGO ANY MAJOR DISRUPTION OR SUBSTANTIAL CHANGE. ALL IN ALL, THE SYSTEM EXPERIENCED AND PASSED THROUGH 3 DISTINCT STAGES OF HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT, NAMELY, HINDU KINGDOM, MUSLIM-RULE AND BRITISH COLONIAL DOMINATION. THE 4TH AND CURRENT ERA, COMMENCED WITH THE PARTITION OF INDIA AND THE ESTABLISHMENT OF PAKISTAN AS A SOVEREIGN AND INDEPENDENT STATE. THE SYSTEM, THUS, HAS EVOLVED THROUGH A PROCESS OF REFORM AND DEVELOPMENT. THIS CONCLUSION ENJOYS NEAR UNANIMITY AMONG HISTORIANS AND COMMENTATORS OF INDIAN LEGAL HISTORY.

THE DEPUTY-COMMISSIONER AS DISTRICT MAGISTRATE WAS RESPONSIBLE FOR CIVIL AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE. THE DISTRICT JUDGE USED TO BE IN CHARGE OF CIVIL JUDICIAL WORK, AND BOTH OFFICERS ARE UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF THE DIVISIONAL AND SESSIONS JUDGE OF THE SHAHPUR CIVIL DIVISION. THERE WERE THREE MUNSIFS: ONE SITS AT HEAD-QUARTERS, ONE AT BHAKKAR, AND ONE AT KAROR. THE FRONTIER CRIMES REGULATION WAS IN FORCE THROUGHOUT THE DISTRICT. IN 1900 MR A.B. KETTEWELL WAS APPOINTED AS DISTRICT JUDGE DERA ISMAIL KHAN AND LT S.A.J.OBERIEN WAS DISTRICT JUDGE BANNU. IN 1901 ON BECOMING MIANWALI AS NEW DISTRICT SARDER BALAWAT SINGH WAS APPOINTED AS DISTRICT JUDGE .

IN ISA KHEL PIOR TO INDEPENDENCE NO SEPARATE MUNSIF WAS DETAIL AND MUNSIF FROM MIANWALI USED TO VISIT THE TEHSIL. IN 1899 MR TENDER WAS THE MUNSIF OF MIANWALI AND IN 1900 SARDER MUHAMMAD YOUSUF WAS APPOINTED AS MUNSIF CLASS 1 . TILL 1910 STRENGTH OF JUDGES IN MIANWALI WAS VERY LESS BUT ON MIANWALI BECOMING DISTRICT THE STRENGTH INCREASES AND BY 1935 JUDGES STRENGTH WAS 37. PRIOR TO INDEPENDENCE BAR MEMBERS STRENGTH NEVER CROSSES THE FIGURE OF 38 .IN 1938 BAR MEMBERS STRENGTH WAS 38 . IN 1944 BAR MEMBERS STRENGTH WAS 44 , IN 1945 BAR MEMBERS STRENGTH WAS 35 AND SURPRISINGLY IN 1946  BAR MEMBERS STRENGTH WAS 19 ONLY .MIANWALI BAR WAS JOINED WITH HIGH COURT  BAR LAHORE IN 1935. NOW THE STRENGTH OF MIANWALI BAR IS 130 MEMBERS .

INCUMBENCY OF DISTRICT & SESSIONS JUDGES, MIANWALI

  INCUMBENCY OF SENIOR CIVIL JUDGES, MIANWALI